Process Of Visually Examining The Urinary Bladder

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  Although the cause is unknown, risk factors include smoking and obesity Nephroblastoma Also called Wilms tumor, thee tumors develop from kidney cells that did not develop fully before a childs birth. These cancerous tumors of the kidney occur mainly...

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• [DOWNLOAD] Process Of Visually Examining The Urinary Bladder | latest!

  In each case the fragments maybe expelled naturally or washed out. Use of shock is termed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy Nephrectomy.

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• Urinalysis (Urine Testing) – Types, Process, Results Interpretation, Reference Charts

  During this period, a lack of empirical evidence supporting uroscopy and the introduction of new medical practices developed using the scientific method contributed to its gradual decline among licensed physicians. Early modern doctors, like the Swiss medical pioneer Paracelsus , began researching more empirically qualified approaches to diagnosis and treatment — an integral part of the Medical Renaissance and its redefining how we look at medicine —which only further hastened the decline of uroscopy. It was still practiced by "unlicensed practitioners" by popular demand up until around the beginning of the 19th century. Although uromancy initially gained interest in the 18th and 19th centuries, it is rarely practiced and unknown to most in the present era. Procedures and conventions[ edit ] The Medical Alchemist vt.

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• Examining The Urine - What Can It Tell Us At The Bed-side?

  In the era in which uroscopy was a popular way of thinking, one of the major benefits was the lack of surgical operations , lending itself to the most conservative of adherents to the Hippocratic Oath. Matula flask [ edit ] A uroscopy flask, also known as a "matula", is a piece of transparent glass — this is imperative as colorations, along with any deformations, in the glass may lead to a misdiagnosis — that is circular at the bottom, while there is a thin neck at the top, and an opening for the patient to urinate in. Urine wheel[ edit ] Uroscopy Wheel The uroscopy wheel is a diagram that linked the color of urine to a particular disease.

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• What Is A Urinalysis And How Is The Test Done?

  It usually has twenty different uroscopy flasks with urine of different colors aligned around the border of the circle. Each flask has a line that connects it to a summary of a particular disease. This allowed doctors to have a quick reference guide to twenty different types of urine. When a patient urinates, the urine will be warm, so it is necessary for it to stay warm for proper evaluation. The external temperature should be the same as the internal temperature. When the temperature of urine goes down the bubbles in it will change. Some of them will disappear, but some will remain. With the temperature decrease, particles and impurities will be more difficult to evaluate. They will move toward the middle of the flask, then sink to the bottom. They will all mix, making it more difficult to see the impurities.

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• Chapter 7: Urinary System

  Another problem with urine cooling is that it would become thicker. The longer that it had to cool down the more likely it was that the crystals in it would bond together, causing it to thicken. This could lead to a false diagnosis, that is why doctors usually inspected the urine quickly. Richard Bright in the 19th century invented a technique that allowed doctors to examine a patients urine effectively after the temperature had dropped. The process involved heating water, then inserting the uroscopy flask containing cooled urine. This would heat the urine causing the crystals that formed during loss of temperature to break down. As a result, the urine will become thin again. Lighting[ edit ] Since identifying the color of the urine is essential for a proper diagnosis, the lighting is crucial. This is a very complicated step in the uroscopy test.

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• Glossary Of Medical Terms

  The doctor must not visually examine the urine in an overly lit location, because it will make the urine seem too bright. He can not examine the urine in a poorly lit location, because he will not be able to properly see the urine. So, he must examine the urine in both conditions. This is done to offset the effects of not enough light and too much light. After he examines both conditions the doctor must use his best judgment, to make a diagnosis.

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• What Happens During A Pelvic Exam?

  Common diseases identified by uroscopic methods[ edit ] Diabetes[ edit ] In English doctor Thomas Willis submitted into medical literature a peculiar and peculiarly found relationship he'd observed: people with type 1 diabetes usually have sweet-tasting urine — this is due to an oversaturation of glucose in the blood, the excess of which is excreted out via urine, as the diabetic lacks sufficient insulin to process the high amounts of glucose. Jaundice[ edit ] Yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bilirubin in these tissues.

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• CHAPTER 1 - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

  The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology, from the Ancient Greek name for kidney. Doctors would test urine using a visual examination.

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• Urinary Tract Imaging

  Definition Cystoscopy cystourethroscopy is a diagnostic procedure that is used to look at the bladder lower urinary tract , collect urine samples, and examine the prostate gland. Performed with an optic instrument known as a cystoscope urethroscope , this instrument uses a lighted tip for guidance to aid in diagnosing urinary tract disease and prostate disease. Performed by a urologist, this surgical test also enables biopsies to be taken or small stones to be removed by way of a hollow channel in the cystoscope.

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• What Is A Urinalysis (also Called A "urine Test")?

  Purpose Categorized as an endoscopic procedure, cystoscopy is used by urologists to examine the entire bladder lining and take biopsies of any areas that look questionable. This test is not used on a routine basis, but may benefit the urologist who is needing further information about a patient who displays the following symptoms or diagnosis: blood in the urine also known as hematuria incontinence or the inabililty to control urination a urinary tract infection a urinary tract which display signs of congenital abnormalities tumors located in the bladder the presence of bladder or kidney stones a stiffness or strained feeling of the urethra or ureters symptoms of an enlarged prostate Blood and urine studies, in addition to x rays of the kidneys, ureters and bladder may all occur before a cystoscopy. At the time of surgery, a retrograde pyelogram may also be performed. Additional blood studies may be needed immediately following surgery.

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• Crystals In Urine

  Precautions While the cystoscopy procedure is commonly relied upon to gather additional diagnostic information, it is an invasive surgical technique that may involve risks for certain patients. Those who are extremely overweight obese , smoke, are recovering from a recent illness, or are treating a chronic condition may face additional risks from surgery. Surgical risk also increases in patients who are currently using certain drugs including antihypertensives; muscle relaxants ; tranquilizers; sleep inducers; insulin; sedatives; beta blockers ; or cortisone. Those who use mind-altering drugs also put themselves at increased risk of complications during surgery. The following mind-altering drugs should be avoided: narcotics ; psychedelics; hallucinogens; marijuana; sedatives; hypnotics; or cocaine. Description Depending on the type of information needed from a cystoscopy, the procedure typically takes Cystoscopy is a diagnostic procedure which is used to view the bladder, collect urine samples, and examine the prostate gland.

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• Med Terms Chap. 6-Urinary

  This procedure also enables biopsies to be taken. The primary instrument used in cystoscopy is the cystoscope, a tube which is inserted through the penis into the urethra, and ultimately into the bladder. Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group. The patient will be asked to urinate before surgery which allows an accurate measurement of the remaining urine in the bladder.

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• Chapter 7 Clinical Procedures

  A well-lubricated cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder where a urine sample is taken. Fluid is then pushed in to inflate the bladder and allow the urologist to examine the entire bladder wall. During an examination, the urologist may take the following steps: remove either bladder or kidney stones; gather tissue samples; and treat any suspicious lesions.

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• LOM Ch 1 Key Terms

  In order to perform x-ray studies retrograde pyelogram , a harmless dye is injected into the ureters by way of a catheter that is passed through the previously placed cystoscope. After completion of all needed tests, the cystoscope is removed. Preparation As procedure that can be completed in a hospital, doctor's office, or outpatient surgical facility, an injection of spinal or general anesthesia may be used prior to a cystoscopy. While this test is typically performed on an outpatient basis, a patient may require up to three days of recovery in the hospital. Aftercare Patients who have undergone a cystoscopy will be instructed to follow these steps to ensure a quick recovery: due to soreness or discomfort that may occur in the urethra, especially while urinating, several warm baths a day are recommended to relieve any pain A cystoscope helps the doctor examine the urethra, bladder, and prostate. Illustration by Argosy Inc. Minor pain may also be treated with over-the-counter, non-prescription drugs such as acetaminophen.

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• Dictionary Of Cancer Terms

  Risks As with any surgical procedure, there are some risks involved with a cystoscopy. Complications may include: profuse bleeding; a damaged urethra; a perforated bladder; a urinary tract infection; or an injured penis. Patients should also contact their physician if they experience any of the following symptoms following surgery: pain, redness, swelling, drainage, or bleeding from the surgical site; signs of infection that may include headache , muscle aches, dizziness or an overall ill feeling and fever; nausea or vomiting; strenuous or painful urination; or symptoms that may result as side-effects from the medication. Normal results A successful cystoscopy includes a thorough examination of the bladder and collection of urine samples for cultures. If no abnormalities are seen, the results are indicated as normal. Key terms Endoscopy — Examination of body organs or cavities through the use of an endoscope a lighted optical instrument used to see inside body cavities , such as a cystoscope used to complete a cystoscopy.

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• Chapter 9 The Urinary System Medical Terms Flashcards Preview

  Retrograde pyelogram — A pyelography or x-ray technique where radiopaque dye is injected into the kidneys from below, by way of the ureters, allowing further examination of the kidneys. Ureter — The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, with each kidney having one ureter. Urethra — A passageway from the bladder to the outside for the discharge of urine. In the female this canal lies between the vagina and clitoris; in the male the urethra travels through the penis, opening at the tip. Abnormal results Cystoscopy allows the urologist to detect inflammation of the bladder lining, prostatic enlargement, or tumors.

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• Chapter 7: Urinary System | Medicoguia.com

  If these are seen, further evaluation or biopsies may be needed in addition to the removal of some tumors. Resources American Cancer Society. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. At the end of the cystoscope is an electric bulb that illuminates the bladder interior. By means of special lenses and mirrors the bladder mucosa is examined for inflammation, calculi, or tumors.

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• Flashcards - Chapter 6 Urinary System

  A catheter can be passed through the cystoscope into the bladder or, if necessary, beyond, into the ureters and kidneys. In this way samples of urine can be obtained for diagnostic purposes. Also, radiopaque fluids can be injected into the bladder or ureters for x-rays of the urinary tract see also pyelography. Cystoscopy: examination of the male bladder. The cystoscope is passed through the urethra into the bladder. Although shown here as a flexible scope, usually the scope is rigid. Through the scope fluid is instilled to maintain bladder distention.

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• Urinary System Quiz

  From Beare and Myers, Patient Care. Prior to the procedure the patient should be given an adequate explanation of its purpose and expected outcome, and of the need for proper preparation. Because the full cooperation of the patient is of crucial importance to a successful test, it is essential that the patient be told what is expected of him or her when the procedure is done under local anesthesia. During the procedure, if the patient is awake, the nurse or other attendant should be alert for indications of sudden pain, which could signify perforation of the urethra or other structures. Another complication that can occur in patients with a history of heart disease is cardiac arrhythmia. The plan of care following cystoscopy should include observation of the amount and character of the urine. Some slight coloration from blood should be expected, but any frank bleeding and passing of clots should be reported to the surgeon.

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• Urinalysis: How The Test Is Done And What Results Mean | Everyday Health

  Other problems likely to require nursing intervention are discomfort from bladder spasms, back pain, a feeling of fullness and burning in the bladder region, and possible urinary retention. Nursing measures would include warm sitz baths, relaxation techniques to promote rest and provide relief from pain, and administration of prescribed medications.

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• Google Търсене на книги

  If chilling and fever occur and do not respond to attempts to provide warmth and to increased fluid intake, there could be an infection in the urinary tract requiring antibacterial therapy. This requires general anaesthesia in the male but can be done under local anaesthesia in the female. Cystoscopy facilitates the diagnosis of conditions such as infections, polyps, cancers and stones in the bladder, and allows biopsies to be taken and local treatment by cautery, laser and other means to be given. It also makes it possible to pass fine catheters up the tubes leading to the kidneys the ureters through which a substance opaque to X-rays can be injected for X-ray studies retrograde pyelography. Youngson , Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. Link to this page:.

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• Chapter 6 Urinary System

  Transverse x-ray views of the kidney, taken with or without contrast material, are useful in the diagnosis of tumors, cysts, abscesses, and hyronephrosis. A KUB study demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys in relation to other organs in the abdominopelvic region. This procedure helps diagnose kidney tumors and outline renal vessels in hypertensive patients. This technique is useful in locating urinary stones and obstructions. The bladder is filled with contrast material, followed by x-ray imaging. The ureters may be seen when there is reflux of urine into the lower end of the ureters.

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• Cystoscopy | Definition Of Cystoscopy By Medical Dictionary

  Kidney size, tumors, hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and ureteral and bladder obstruction can be diagnosed using ultrasound techniques. Pictures shows the size and shape of the kidney renal scan and its functioning renogram. These studies can indicate size of blood vessels, diagnose obstruction, and determine the individual functioning of each kidney. The patient lies within a cylindrical magnetic resonance machine, and images are made of the pelvic and retroperitoneal regions using magnetic and radio waves. A urologist introduces a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and passes it through the urethra into the bladder. Using a light source, special lenses, and mirrors, the bladder mucosa is examined for tumors, calculi, or inflammation. When a catheter is placed through the cystoscope, urine samples are withdrawn and contrast material is injected into the bladder. A penendoscope is a cystoscope that gives a wide-angle view of the bladder.

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• Medical Terminology

  Hemodialysis HD Uses an artifical kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient's bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body. An arteriovenous fistula communication between an artery and wein is created surgically to provide access for hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis PD Uses a peritoneal catheter tube to introduce fluid into the peritoneal abdominal cavity. Chemical properties of the fluid cause wastes in the capillaries of the peritoneum to pass out of the bloodstream and into the fluid. The fluid with wastes is then removed by catheter. When used to treat patients with chronic kidney disease, PD may be performed continuously by the patient without mechanical support CAPD--continuous ambulatory PD ; or with the aid of a mechanical apparatus at night during sleep CCPD--continuous cycling PD.

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• Medical Terminology Chapter 1

  Lithotripsy Urinary tract stones are crushed and either removed or pass from the body in urine. The extracorporeal method uses shock waves directed toward the stone from the outside of the body. The patient receives light sedation or an analgesic pain medication. The endoscopic method uses an endoscope in the ureter and a laser to crush the stone under direct vision. A basket is used to retreive larger pieces of the stone.

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• Suffix – Building A Medical Terminology Foundation

  A balloon attached to a catheter is inserted into the artery and then inflated to enlarge the vessel diameter. Afterward, stents metal meshed tubes may be inserted to keep the vessel open. Biopsy may be performed at the time of surgery open or through the skin percutaneous, or closed. When the latter technique is used, the patient lies in the prone position and, after administration of local anesthesia to the overlying skin and muscles of the back, the physician inserts a biopsy needle downward into the kidney. Patients with renal failure may receive a kidney from a living donor, such as an identical twin isograft or other person allograft , or from a cadaver dead body.

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• Chapter 7 Clinical Procedures Flashcards - Medicoguia.com

  Best results occur when the donor is closely related to the recipient--better than 90 percent of the kidneys survive for 1 year or longer. Catheters are used primarily for short- or long-term drainage of urine. A Foley catheter is an indwlling left in the bladder catheter held in place by a balloon inflated with air or liquid.

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• Glossary Of Medical Terms - Pathology And Laboratory Medicine - Western University

  Overview What is a cystoscopy? A cystoscopy is a procedure done by a urologist, a doctor specializing in the urinary system. During a cystectomy, the urologist uses a scope to look at the inside of the bladder, where urine is stored, and in the urethra, the channel that urine flows through out of the bladder. The procedure can also help with placing a catheter, which is a thin drainage tube for urine. When is a cystoscopy needed? The cystoscopy procedure is ordered by the urologist when more information is needed about what is happening inside the lower urinary tract.

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